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Terminology on topics related to; nuts and bolts, threaded fasteners and tightening techniques

SEMS
A screw and washer assembly. A screw or bolt which has a captive washer. The washer is frequently loose on the plain shank of the fastener, the shank diameter being equal to the effective diameter of the thread; the thread being rolled from this diameter. The origin of the word is a frequent question. In the 1930's E. C.

Crowther was a representative for a company that sold both shakeproof washers and screws. He came up with the idea of placing the washer on the screw before it was thread rolled. The major diameter of the screw being larger than the washer hole prevents it from coming off. The Illinois Tool Works made machines that produced these patented pre-asSEMbled washers and screws.

The s at the end of SEMs is thought to have been subsequently picked up because they are not usually purchased individually. In spite of the original patents and trademarks the word SEMS is generally recognised as a generic term applicable to screw and washer assemblies.
 

  

Secrets of International Trade INCOTERMS 2000 uniform rules for the interpretation of international trade terms were published in 1936, by the International Chamber of Commerce for international buying and selling.


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SYMMETRICAL THREAD
Symmetrical thread has both flanks of the thread profile inclined at the same angle.

TENSION WASHERS
A general name given to spring washers, curved washers, Belleville washers and disc springs.

This type of washer provides a relatively low stiffness (compared to the joint stiffness) and can be used to act as a spring take-up with a bolt to prevent movement between parts.

THREAD CREST
The top part of the thread. For external threads, the crest is the region of the thread which is on it's outer surface, for internal threads it is the region which forms the inner diameter.

TAYLOR-FORGE METHOD
A method developed by four engineers of the Taylor-Forge Company in Chicago in the 1930's that subsequently formed the basis of the ASME code for flanged joint design. The assumptions made by the method are now generally regarded as too simplistic. This method gives rise to the m and y gasket factors.

THREAD FLANK
The thread flanks join the thread roots to the crest.